A-level and GCSE students in England will be given grades estimated by their teachers, rather than by an algorithm, after a government U-turn.
It follows uproar after about 40% of A-level results were downgraded by exams regulator Ofqual, which used a formula based on schools' prior grades.
GCSE results in England, Wales and Northern Ireland come out on Thursday.
Ofqual chair Roger Taylor and Education Secretary Gavin Williamson apologised for the "distress" caused.
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